Embedded systems guides

Practical explainers for embedded firmware on the STM32F4 and ARM Cortex-M4: peripheral bring-up, timing and state reasoning, and diagnosing failures at the hardware boundary.

• How UART Works on the STM32F4 (and How to Debug It)
  A practical guide to UART on the STM32F4: framing, baud rate, polling vs interrupt vs DMA, and the bring-up failures that bite first.
• Interrupts vs. DMA on the Cortex-M4: When to Use Which
  Interrupts and DMA both move data off the main loop, but they solve different problems. A practical decision guide for Cortex-M4 firmware.
• Reading an ARM Cortex-M Hard Fault
  A hard fault is not a dead end. Learn to read the fault status registers and the stacked frame to find the instruction that actually crashed.